SC&MS

Scam Classification & Mapping System

v0.3

A structured taxonomy for classifying scam techniques from first contact to financial extraction.

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156
Techniques & Subtechniques
6
Lifecycle Stages
18+
Years of Research
2026
Release Year

Why SC&MS?

Consumers reported losing $15.9 billion to fraud in 2025, up 27% from the prior year. That figure far outpaces ransomware losses. And reported losses capture only part of the problem.

Defenders and the institutions they work in still describe scam activity using inconsistent terms. In its 2025 national strategy, the Aspen Institute's fraud task force noted that better standardization of fraud and scam data and typologies "may be a critical structural component" of improving the response.

SC&MS was created to fill that gap: a framework built around a structured, lifecycle-based taxonomy of scam techniques. Instead of treating scams only as categories, SC&MS breaks them into reusable components across the ABCDEF lifecycle.

The ABC's of SC&MS

How scams evolve from first contact to financial extraction

A

Access

Vectors used to initiate first contact with a potential victim

B

Bait

Lures, offers, and alerts used to entice a victim's engagement

C

Coercion

Pressure and control tactics used to compel action or maintain compliance

D

Deception

Fabricated or manipulated artifacts used to mislead victims and make the scam believable

E

Exploiting Trust

Borrowed or cultivated trust used to lower a victim's skepticism

F

Financial Gain

Methods used to extract money, assets, or other value from victims

Who should use SC&MS?

From security teams to law enforcement, SC&MS gives defenders a common language for classifying scams

Security teams

Map detection capabilities and identify gaps in anti-scam defenses across the organization

Researchers

Analyze scam campaigns using standardized terminology for consistent documentation and reporting

Threat intelligence

Structure and communicate scam tactics and techniques for cross-team collaboration

Law enforcement

Categorize and track scam operations with consistent terminology across jurisdictions

Financial institutions

Classify fraud incidents and share intelligence with industry partners

Education & training

Build awareness programs using a structured framework to teach scam recognition and prevention

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